The plant forms tubers both above and below ground along stolons. Its tuberous roots are used for human consumption and have different colors, according to the varieties: white, yellow, orange, green and brown.
In its place of origin, takes advantage of the plant, leaves and roots, which are usually consumed boiled. In the urban market, often by dietary foods low in calories and carbohydrates, and their relatively rich in protein, such as trionina and arginine.
The basic transformation experienced by this product is the pre-cooked and frozen. Olluco is a crop whose main use is located in the Andean countries of Latin America: Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia and Peru. But while there is a relatively high consumption, the market demand is low, this is because agricultural units that produce have a high consumption, so their surplus to urban markets are not very large.
A lawsuit claiming to be and has significant potential is formed by the migrants from the Andean area residents in developed countries, mainly in the United States. There, Latinos retain their tastes and habits still carry a small demand, but already have a regular supply of that tuber.
In Europe, it is shaped conditions for consumption more or less regular, although shipments to that region have been rather sporadic. The main producers are located in the Andean region of Latin America: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Olluco small scale and is cultivated in Finland, France and New Zealand.
In the eighties, some exporters in the Andean region were sporadic shipments of potatoes to the U.S. market taking advantage of the presence of large nuclei of migrants from the Andean countries, but not able to consolidate positions in that market.
The nineties, the interest shown by New Zealand exporters, around the production of exotic fruits and Andean products, the progress of commercial agriculture in the Andean products and the growing interest of consumers in developed countries to feed agricultural goods grown naturally, have improved olluco reception in the U.S. market.
In this sense, the submissions of Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia in small volumes and frozen baked root vegetables to the U.S. market, we have been making more frequent, laying the groundwork for shipments made, too, with greater regularity.
The varieties sold in the international market correspond to those grown in the Andean countries. Adaptation processes that take place in some European countries have failed to produce even a new commercial variety.
The greater variety of commercial acceptance and has more acreage is yellow olluco enjoying some preferences for its size, texture and flavor. As it is a product not covered many places in many countries, therefore there is no accepted international convention and written about their international classification.
In the case of shipments of yellow root vegetables, the biggest market acceptance, the determination of its quality has been governed by local classification criteria. For the domestic market there are three grades: first, second and third. The differentiation between one kind and another, depends on the size and organoleptic characteristics: color, taste, maturity, insect damage.
Because it is a product of recent introduction, there are few suppliers in the U.S. market, competition is very weak, and therefore also the level and seasonal fluctuations of prices in the short and medium term, in the international market would be a direct function of changes in local prices.
That is, the FOB price will be determined by the sum of farm-gate price plus transportation costs and industrial processing, these should include costs for sales and administration.
As Andean product, grown in accordance with the action of climatic factors (rainfall, solar luminosity and temperature), the period of harvesting is done mostly between March and June. Indeed it is a constraint, for a market that requires a permanent presence of the product.
In the long term, greater competition to ensure a regular and continuous supply is seen to be smoothed out seasonal fluctuations and there would be a relative price stability. Olluco international transactions, such as agricultural products are subject to non-tariff restrictions, tariff and trade.
The former are referred to the control of the product fresh and include measures: plant as the presence of insects, microorganisms and fungi, and chemical concerning permissible levels of toxicity.
With regard to trade restrictions, exports have to abide by international and national standards for classification, packaging and labeling as well as local rules of import and distribution of the product in the importing country.
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